Boiler



May 2, 1933.

G. LASKER BOILER Filed July 25, 1930 4 Sheets-Sheet l '1; George Zas 1'67 Jul e/77 7&

May 2, 1933.

G. LASKER BOILER Filed July 25, 1930 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 m l l HHHHHHHHUMU 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 May 2, 1933. G. LASKER BOILER Filed July 25, 1930 G. LASKER May 2, 1933.

BOILER Filed July 25, 1930 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented May 2, 1933 GEORGE LAs'xEn, or 01110400, ILLINOIS BOILER The invention relates tofboilers and more particularly it relates to boiler installations designedto cari suddenly changing loads or to'smeet rapid y changing'power requirements. The rapid'rise and fall ofthe water line, resulting'f'roin such suddenloadvariations, requires' constant skilled supervision to preventdisaster and, even With'such supervision, excessive strains result, necessitating frequent overhauling and repairing of the boiler,,forreasons more fully's'et; forth in my copending application Serial No.-- 470,859, filed July 24, 1930 x Y An object of the invention isthe provision of an improved boiler construction comprising drums and connectingtubeswherein the water line is maintained at a predetermined elevation above all portions of the boiler proper and remains substantially constant under all conditions of load whereby the dan ger of destruction and'deterioiation incidental'to a rapid drop in the water line under swiftly changing load conditions is avoided. Theboiler is so constructed that all parts thereof are under a static head pressure," the density of the water being dependent upon the temperature and pressure atwhich the boiler is being operated; The water line 'being constantly above the boiler proper, there is no steam bubbling or'r'ising through the upper level of the water body with which the water column is connected.

' Another object of the invention is the provision ofa boiler so constructed that the water surface is substantially quiescent thereby avoiding erroneous readings occasionedby an' attempt to'read the water level when the same is volatile or emulsified as is the case when the water line lies below the top of'the boiler.

Another object of'the invention is the-provision of a boiler construction inwhichthe rapidity of circulation will permit the use of brackish or impure water which tends to scale in boilers of the usual type. Many other objects and advantages of-the construction herein shown and described will be obvious to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein given.

To this end my invention consists in the novel construction;arrangement and combination of partsherein shown and described and more particularly pointed out in the claim'si' I Referring nowto the drawings wherein .like'numerals indicate like or corresponding Fig; 1 1s a-1transverse sectional fview througha boiler embodying the principles I s of my invention; v V s A Fig. 2 is a-viewlalonglthe line 2 -2101 Fig.1;

Fig. 3 is a iew drawn to a larger" scale along the line '33'of Fig: 1; Fig. 4 is a View alongthe line 44 of Fig.

Fig. 5, isan end viewrof the structure" shown inFig.4=.

'Beferringnow more particularly tothe drawings, the. boiler proper is shown as p0s'i'- tioned in afii'rnace comprising side Walls 27, end Walls 28, a roof 29 and a floor The floor '30 of the furnace is shown as positioned below the floor line 5550f the boiler roomwith the upper-portion of'the side walls 27 stopping short of the floor line to provide exit openings for the g'ases'of combustion into, air heaters (not shown) The furnace 'is constructedv of suitable" fire-resisting material and the air heaters, fuel inlet and-other details of the furnace are; omitted as being 90 unnecessary toa {disclosure of the inveny l j A'pair of 'longitudina'lly extending partitions 39 provide sidewalls for a combustion chamber-40. Baflies 41 extend outwardly from the top of the partitions 39, the space above the'partitions and 'baffles' forming a radiant heat zone. Bafiies42" are provided near the bottom of the space between the par- 1 titions 39 and the side walls 27 to' direct the 1 drums 11 A drum 12 is positioned-midway between and slightly elevated above the drums 10. Each of the upper. drum-s10 is connected with the underlying lower drum 11 by a plurality of tubes 22. The tubes 22 are preferably positioned symmetrically about a vertical plane through the drums and are spaced apart at their mid portions to provide the necessary clearance for manholes 31 and a space for superheaters, if desired. The tubes 22 provide for rapid circulation of water between the drums 10 and 11. Water is admitted under pressure to the drums 10 through inlet pipes 36, each'controlled by a valve 60, and descends to the drums 11 through the outer tubes 22 and returns to the drum 10 through the inner tubes 22.

The drum 12 is connected with the upper drums 10 by a plurality of tubes 23 and is connected with the lower drums 11 by aplurality of tubes 24 as best shown in Fig. 1. Thetubes23 are shown as arranged in two rows, the lowermost row forming a water cooled wall for theroof 29. The tubes 24 also form a water cooled wall for the partitions 39. The drums 10 and 12 project through the roof 29 and their projecting portions are covered with suitable insulation 44.

Pairs of upper and lower horizontal headers 13 and 14, respectively, are positioned at the ends of the boiler and extend transverse 1y to the drums 10 and 11. The drum 12 is connected with the lower headers 14 by tubes 25, andthe upper headers 13 are connected with the corresponding lower headers 14 by a plurality of tubes 26. The tubes 25 and 26 form water cooled walls for the ends of the furnace. The bottom headers 14 project through the side walls of the furnace below the floor line of the boiler room and are connected at their ends by pipes 37. The pipes 37 are connected with the drums 11 by a plurality of tubes 38 thereby connecting the lower headers 14 with the drums 11. A plurality of standpipes 15 are connected at their lower ends with the headers 14 and extend upwardly through the roof 29 where they form a connection with the main supply pipes 16.

A drum 21 is mounted at any convenient elevation above the roof 29 to provide a receptacle partially filled with water, the upper portionserving as a steam drum into which the emulsion and steam generated by the boiler is discharged. The pipes 16 are connected with the bottom of the drum 21 by a double L 17 as shown in Fig. 2, thereby connecting the standpipes 15 with the drum. The upper headers 13 discharge the-mixture or emulsion of water and steam directly into the boiler drum 12. The upper row of tubes 23 functions only as equalizers of the static head of the boiler and the tubes comprising the upper row are insulated by being encased in the roof material. The lower row of tubes 23' are positioned within the radiant heat zone and aresteam producers. All of the steam and emulsified water generated by the boiler system proper is discharged into the boiler drums 10 and 12. These drums in turn discharge the steam and emulsified liquid into the upper portion of the drum 21 through conduits comprising pipes 18, 19 and double Us 20, the water in the mixture being separated from the steam by gravity in the upper portion of the drum 21. The drum 21 is preferably positioned as high above the boiler system proper as space conditions permit and it is found in practice that an elevation of the drum of 12 feet provides suflicient pressure head to cause a circulation sufliciently rapid to prevent scaling even though brackish or impure water is used. It is obvious that the greater the elevation of drum above the boiler proper the more rapid will be the circulation by reason of the increased pressure head and as a result the efficiency of the boiler is increased proportionately to the elevation of the drum 21.

The entire boiler system is filled with water which enters through the inlet pipes 36 at the end of the drums 10, the supply of water being continued until it reaches an elevation in the drum 21 substantially as shown in Fig. 1. The capacity of the drum 21 is proportionate to the capacity of the boiler system proper and the water level is maintained in K the drum 21 as shown by regulating valves 60 controlling inlet pipes 36.

Since all of the steam and emulsion generated by the boiler collects in the drums 10 and 12 which are connected with the drum 21 only through the pipes 18 and 19, there is no possibility of the water within the drum 21 being subjected to ebullition and it will remain substantially quiescent regardless of the capacity of the boiler or the load that the boiler may be carrying. The quiescent condition of the water within the drum 21 permits the accurate determination of the water line by observing a water column 35 mounted on one end of the drum 21. Inasmuch as the volume of emulsion and steam generated by the boiler system will be limited by the capacity of the boiler drum 12 and the connecting pipes 18 and 19, there is no possibility of more than a slight variation of the water line. The pressure head upon all portions of the boiler prevents the boiler from operating at a critical temperature and pressure and thereby avoids the formation of emulsion within the boiler proper. This arrangement and construction of the boiler under a constant pressure head eliminates any possibility of the water line dropping to a point where any portions of the boiler will be evacuated and exposed to burning or destruction by reason of rapid changes of temperature or pressure corresponding to surden changes in load requirements.

A pair of safety valves 34 are mounted on the upper portion of drum 21 and a pair of steam outlet pipes 33 areprovided to convey the steam away from the boiler as needed in.

is provided, one or more of the discharge pipes 33 will be connected therewith as shown in Fig. 2. The super heater comprising a header 46 into which the pipe 33 dis charges and a plurality of tubes 47 connecting the header 46 with a header 48 positioned on the opposite side of the boiler. The tubes 47 extend through the space between the tubes '22 which connect the upper and lower boiler drums 10 and 11. Aheader positioned on the same, sideof the boiler as the header -46 is connected with the header 48 by a plurality of tubes 49 occupying the space underneath the tubes 47. The steam passes from the header 46 into the header 48 and thenback to the header 50 from which it is discharged through the steam line 5 1. The header 48 extends downwardly a substantial distance below the tubes 47 and 49 to provide a water trap 56. A valve 57 isprovided for draining the-trap 56 when necessary.

This method of distribution provides a practically uniform velocity for each tube. The trap 56 provides a place for the separation of any entrained water. The diameter, length, number of tubes in a row and num: ber of rows of tubes used depend upon the requirements of the particular installation;

The super heater is shown as positioned at.

only one end of the boiler, but may, if .desired, be positioned at both'ends.

Thus it will be seen that I have provided a relatively simple boiler construction by means of which a static pressure head is obtained for all portions of the boiler system and a rapidity of circulation of the water results which perniitsizthe use of brackish or impure water without scaling which would be impossible in the usual type ,of boiler.

The static pressure head adapts the boiler for installations where the load is necessarily applied quickly or dropped suddenly and I prevents the rapid deterioration or danger of destruction of the boiler which is the case in the usual type of boilers having no static pressure head;

Having thus described my'invention, it is obvious that various immaterial modifications may be made inthesame without departing from the spirit of my invention; hence, I do not wish to beunderstood as 11miting myself to the exact form, construction, arrangement and combination of parts herein shown and described or uses mentioned.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

apart vertically, a plurality of tubes interconnectingthe drums comprising each pair,

a static head drum positioned at a'predetermined elevation above said boiler, steam pipes connecting the upper portion of said static head drumwith the upper boiler drums of each pair, aplurality of vertically extending tubes forming the end walls of theboilers, upper and lower headers in which said last mentioned tubes terminate, steam pipes connecting the upper headers with the upper portion of said static head drum and water pipes .connecting thev boiler with the V 7 lower portion of said static head drum and a valve controlled feed pipe adapted to con 'nect the boiler with a supply of water. under pressure;

p 2. A boilersystem comprising a pair of upper spacedapart parallel horizontally extending drums, a pair of spaced apart drums positioned underneath and parallel to said first mentioned drums, a plurality of tubes connecting each of said drums with the corresponding lower drum,- a drum positionedbetween and slightly above said upper drums,

a plurality of standpipes positioned one adacent theends of each of said first named drums, a pair of lower headers extending transversely to said drums and connectedwith the bottom of said standpipes, a corresponding pair of upper headers overlying said first mentioned headers, a plurality of vertical tubes connecting said upper and lower headers, a plurality of tubes connecting said last mentioned drum with the other,

drums and with the lower headers, a static head drum positioned at. a predetermined elevation above said boiler, steam pipes connecting the upper portion of the static head drum with the uppermost boiler drum, said standpipes connecting with the bottom ofthe static head drum and a valve controlled feed I pipe adapted to connect the boiler with a supply of water under pressure.

In witness whereof, Ihereunto subscribe myname this 16th day of July, A. D. 1930.

GEORGEv LASKER.

1. A boiler comprising a system of horizon- 

